Sartika, D., Health Polytechnic of Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia; Nurrachmah, E., Department of Medical Surgery, Faculty of Nursing, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Sukirman, D.I., Department of Basic Science and Fundamentals of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Mansyur, M., Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Supartono, B., Faculty of Medicine, Pembangunan Nasional University, Jakarta, Indonesia