Radfar, S.R., Department of Neuroscience and Addiction, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine (SATiM), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Integrated Substance Abuse Programs Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; De Jong, C.A.J., Behavioral Science Institute Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Farhoudian, A., Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Ebrahimi, M., Materials and Energy Research Center, Tehran, Iran, Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Rafei, P., Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Vahidi, M., Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Yunesian, M., School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Kouimtsidis, C., Surrey and Borders Partnership, NHS Foundation Trust, Leatherhead, United Kingdom; Arunogiri, S., Turning Point, Eastern Health, Box Hill, VIC, Australia; Massah, O., Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Deylamizadeh, A., Rebirth Charity Society NGO, Tehran, Iran; Brady, K.T., Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Busse, A., Drug Prevention and Health Branch, Division for Operations, United States, Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna, Austria; Potenza, M.N., Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Connecticut Mental Health Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Ekhtiari, H., Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States; Baldacchino, A.M., School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom; Abagiu, A.O., Prof. Dr. Matei Bals- Arena OMT Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, Romania; Abouna, F.D.N., Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaound? 1, Yaound?, Cameroon; Ahmed, M.H., Alamal psychiatric hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; Al-ansari, B., Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Mahmmoud Abu Al-khair, F., Al Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan; Almaqbali, M.H., Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman; Ambekar, A., Department of Psychiatry and National Drug Dependence Treatment Center (NDDTC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India; Ardabili, H.M., Faculty of Medicine, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Ibn-e-Sina Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Arya, S., State Drug Dependence Treatment Center, Institute of Mental Health, Pt BDS University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, India; Lasebikan, V.O., Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ayasreh, M.A., Addiction medicine clinic, Amman, Jordan; Basu, D., Department of Psychiatry, Drug De-addiction & Treatment Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India; Benmebarek, Z., Addiction medicine clinic, Mila, Algeria; Bhad, R., Department of Psychiatry and National Drug Dependence Treatment Center (NDDTC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India; Blaise, M., Center medical Marmottan, Paris, France; Bonnet, N., R?seau de Pr?vention des Addictions (RESPADD), Paris, France; Brasch, J., Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Michael DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Broers, B., Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; Butner, J.L., CUNY School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Camilleri, M., A?enzija Sedqa, Santa Venera, Malta; Campello, G., United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), Vienna, Austria; Carra, G., Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Celic, I., University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce, Zagreb, Croatia; Chalabianloo, F., Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Chaturvedi, A., Department of Biochemistry, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India; de Jes?s Eduardo Noyola Cherpitel, J., Addiction medicine clinic, Mexico City, Mexico; Clark, K.J., Addiction Crisis Solutions, Louisville, KY, United States; Cyders, M.A., Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University - Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States; de Bernardis, E., SerT Lentini, ASP Siracusa, Syracuse, Italy; Derry, J.E., Serenity Vista Addiction Treatment Center, Jaramillo, Panama; Dhagudu, N.K., Department of Psychiatry, ESIC Medical College, Hyderabad, India; Dolezalova, P., National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic; Dom, G., Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Antwerp University (UA), Antwerp, Belgium; Dunlop, A.J., Drug & Alcohol Clinical Services, Hunter New England Local Health District, New Lambton, NSW, Australia; Elhabiby, M.M., Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Elkholy, H., Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Essien, N.F., Center for Research and Information on Substance Abuse, Jos, Nigeria; Farah, G.I., Addiction Medicine Clinic, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic; Ferri, M., European Monitoring Center for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), Lisbon, Portugal; Floros, G.D., 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Friedman, C., Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, United States; Fuderanan, C.H., Fuderanan Mental Health Clinic, Manila, Philippines; Gerra, G., Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; Ghosh, A., Department of Psychiatry, Drug De-addiction & Treatment Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India; Gogia, M., Georgian Harm Reduction Network, Tbilisi, Georgia; Grammatikopoulos, I.A., Organization Against Drugs, Primary Care Health Center, Veria, Greece; Grandinetti, P., Addictions Services (Ser.D.), Department of Territorial Assistance, ASL Teramo, Teramo, Italy; Guirguis, A., Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Sciences 2, Sketty, United Kingdom; Gutnisky, D., Hospital Borda, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Haber, P.S., University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Hassani-Abharian, P., Institutes for Cognitive Science Studies (IRICSS), Brain and Cognition Clinic, Tehran, Iran; Hooshyari, Z., Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Ibrahim, I.I.M., Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Ieong, H., Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Indradewi, R.N., Drugs Rehabilitation Center, National Narcotics Board of Indonesia, East Jakarta, Indonesia; Iskandar, S., Department of Psychiatry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; Jain, S., Department of Psychiatry, Heritage Institute of Medical Sciences (HIMS), Varanasi, India; James, S., Univeristi Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia; Javadi, S.M.H., Department of Social Work, University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Joe, K.H., National Center for Mental Health of Korea, Seoul, South Korea; Jokubonis, D., Republican Center for Addictive Disorders, Vilnius, Lithuania; Jovanova, A.T., Addiction medicine clinic, Skopje, North Macedonia; Kamal, R.M., Naufar Institute, Doha, Qatar; Kantchelov, A.I., The Kantchelov Clinic, Sofia, Bulgaria; Kathiresan, P., Department of Psychiatry and National Drug Dependence Treatment Center (NDDTC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India; Katzman, G., Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, United States; Kawale, P., African Institute for Development Policy, Lilongwe, Malawi; Kern, A.M., Sobriety Centers of New Hampshire, Antrim, NH, United States; Kessler, F.H.P., Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Kim, S., Department of Neuropsychiatry, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea; Kimball, A.M., Chatham House, Washington, United States; Kljucevic, Z., Institute for Public Health of Split-Dalmatia County, Split, Croatia; Siste, K., Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia-Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia; Lev, R., Scripps Mercy Hospital, San Diego, CA, United States; Lee, H.K., Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea; Lengvenyte, A., Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatric Clinic, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania; Lev-ran, S., Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, Israel Center on Addiction, Netanya, Israel; Mabelya, G.S., Community Health Work, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Mahi, M.A.E., Hayat Center for Treatment and Psycho-social Rehabilitation, Khartoum, Sudan; Maphisa, J., University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana; Maremmani, I., V.P. Dole, Dual Disorder Unit, Santa Chiara University Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Masferrer, L., CAS Girona, Department of Psychology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain; McCambridge, O., Community addiction team, Southern Health and Social Care Trust, Craigavon, United Kingdom; McGovern, G.G., Priority Medical Clinic, Dublin, Ireland; Min, A.K., Save the Children International, Yangon, Myanmar; Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, A., National Center for Mental Health of Korea, Seoul, South Korea; Mora-Rios, J., Direcci?n de Investigaciones Epidemiol?gicas y Sociales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatr?a Ram?n de la Fuente Mu?iz, Mexico City, Mexico; Mudalige, I.U.K., Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Colombo, Sri Lanka; Mukherjee, D., Center for Addiction Medicine, NIMHANS, Bangalore, India; Munira, P.M., Kleopatra Kodric, Irena Nisic, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Myers, B., Alcohol Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Menon T N, J., NIMHANS, Bangalore, India; Narasimha, V.L., Department of Psychiatry, Center for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India; Ndionuka, N., Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria; Nejatisafa, A., Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Niaz, K., United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), Vienna, Austria; Nizami, A.T., Institute of Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Center for Mental Health, Rawalpindi, Pakistan; Nuijens, J.H., Brijder Addiction Care, Zaandam, Netherlands; Orsolini, L., Department of Clinical Neurosciences/DIMSC, Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy; Oum, V., Koh Kong Provincial Hospital, Phoumin, Cambodia; Oyemade, A.A., Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA, United States; Palavra, I.R., Psychiatric hospital Sveti Ivan, Zagreb, Croatia; Pant, S.B., Department of Psychiatry and mental health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal; Paredes, J., Universidad de El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador; Peyron, E., AddiPsy, Lyon, France; Alberto Quir?s, R., Addiction medicine clinic, San Jos?, Costa Rica; Qurishi, R., Novadic-Kentron Addiction Care Network, Vught, Netherlands; Rafiq, N.U.Z., Phoenix Foundation for Research and Development, Lahore, Pakistan; Rao, R.R., Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia; Ratta-apha, W., Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand; Raymond, K., University of the Sunshine Coast (USC), QueenslandQLD, Australia; Reimer, J., Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Renaldo, E., Drugs Rehabilitation Center, National Narcotics Board of Indonesia, East Jakarta, Indonesia; Rezapour, T., Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran; Robertson, J.R., Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Roncero, C., Psychiatry Service, University of Salamanca Health Care Complex, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Roub, F., PGIMER, Chandigarh, India; Rubenstein, E.J., Street Health Center, Kingston, ON, Canada; Rupp, C.I., Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Saenz, E., United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), Vienna, Austria; Salehi, M., Department of Neurosciences and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Samartzis, L., Medical School, University of Cyprus, Cyprus; Sarubbo, L.B., Cl?nica Psiqui?trica de la Facultad de Medicina, Uruguay; Segrec, N., Center for Treatment of Drug addiction, University Psychiatric Clinic, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Shah, B., Department of Psychiatry, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Lagankhel, Nepal; Shen, H., Department of Psychiatry, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Shirasaka, T., Department of Psychiatry, Teine Keijinkai Medical Center, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Shoptaw, S., Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Sintango, F.M., Health Professions Councils of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia; Sosa, V.A., Addiction medicine clinic, Montevideo, Uruguay; Subata, E., Republican Center for Addictive Disorders, Vilnius, Lithuania; Sztycberg, N., Asociasion Programa Andres Argentina, Santa Fe, Argentina; Taghizadeh, F., Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran; Teck, J., MRC/CSO SPHSU, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Tjagvad, C., Gladsaxe Substance Use Disorder Treatment Center, Gladsaxe, Denmark; Torrens, M., Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain; Twala, J.M., NACADA, Nairobi, Kenya; Vadivel, R., Waikato District Health Board (WDHB) Hamilton, Hamilton, New Zealand; Volpicelli, J.R., Institute of Addiction Medicine, Plymouth Meeting, PA, United States; Weijs, J., Jellinek, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Wintoniw, S.M., Addictions Foundation of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada; Wittayanookulluk, A., Thanyarak Chiangmai hospital, Khilek, Thailand; Wojnar, M., Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Yasir, S., Institute of Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Center for Mental Health, Rawalpindi, Pakistan; Yitayih, Y., Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Zhao, M., Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Zonoozi, A.K., Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; ISAM-PPIG Global Survey Consortium