Publikasi Scopus 2024 per tanggal 31 Maret 2024 (233 artikel)

Piperine is the phytochemical in pepper (Piper nigrum L.) herbal with antiviral activity. The pepper seed commonly preserved by irradiation under sun-light or gamma irradiation, but it lead to stereoisomerization of piperine. The present study would predict the oral bioavailability and inhibition activity of four piperine stereoisomers against main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 by molecular docking. Oral bioavailability was assessed based on six physicochemical (Mw, log Po/w, TPSA, water solubility, faction Csp3, and rotatable bond) properties using Swiss-ADME server. Their binding to Mpro receptor were predicted using AutoDock software which were compared to clinically trial drugs (remdesivir and favipiravir). The results showed that physicochemical features of piperine stereoisomers were at optimal range for oral bioavailability regardless their cis-trans variation. Molecular docking showed that they bind specifically at substrate binding cleft for Mpro. The binding conformations were vary related to their cis-trans stereochemistry. Piperine showed superior free binding energy at -7.86 kcal/mol as compare to its stereoisomers (chavivine, isochavicine and isopiperine at -7.48, -7.09, and -7.00 kcal/mol, respectively) and clinical trial drugs, (remdesivir and favipiravir at -7.48 and -4.26 kcal/mol, respectively). The Ki values of piperine stereoisomer were two order below the favipiravir (at 751.96 μM) against protomer A of Mpro. In particular to radiation-induced stereoisomerization, the Ki value of piperine was at one of 1.56 - 4.2 times lower than other stereoisomers. Based on these results, piperine stereoisomers are potential viral protease inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2, however, the inhibition acivity is reduced due to radiation-induced stereoisomerization. © 2024 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved.